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Degrees Newton

The Newton scale is a temperature scale devised by Isaac Newton in 1701. He called his device a 'thermometer', but he did not use the term 'temperature', speaking of 'degrees of heat' instead. Newton's publication represents the first attempt to introduce an objective way of measuring (what would come to be called) temperature. Invented by Sir Isaac Newton, it predates the more well known degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit as he likely needed a form of tempereature measurement for his experiements.

Degrees Rankine

The Rankine scale is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859. Similar to the Kelvin scale, which was first proposed in 1848, zero on the Rankine scale is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree (°R or °Ra) is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale. Degrees Rankine is still commonly used in engineering and the aerospace industry in the United States.